Web hosting service

A web hosting service is a type of Internet hosting service that provides facilities for hosting client websites, i.e. providing the necessary facilities to create and maintain websites and make them accessible on the World Wide Web. Companies that provide web hosting services are sometimes referred to as web hosting providers.

An example of a rack mounted server

Typically, web hosting requires the following:

one or more servers to act as hosts for websites; Servers can be physical or virtual

colocation for servers, providing physical space, electricity, and Internet connectivity;

configuration of the Domain Name System to define website names and redirect them to the hosting server;

web server running on the host;

for each site hosted on the server:

space on the server to store the files that make up the site

site specific configuration

often, a database;

software and credentials that enable clients to access this, so that they can create, configure, and modify sites;

email connectivity that allows hosts and sites to send emails to clients.

History

Until 1991, the Internet was restricted to use only "...for research and education in the sciences and techniques..."[1][2] and used only for e-mail, telnet, FTP and USENET traffic - but there are very few web pages. The World Wide Web protocol was just being written[3] and it was not until late 1993 that there would be a graphical web browser for Mac or Windows computers.[4] Even after some internet access was opened, the situation was still confusing[needs clarification] until 1995.[5]

In order to host a website on the internet, individuals or companies need their own computer or server.[6] Since not all companies have the budget or expertise to do so, web hosting services are starting to offer to host users' websites on their own servers, without the client needing to have the necessary infrastructure to operate the website. The website owner, who is also known as the webmaster, will be able to create websites which will be hosted on the web hosting service's servers and published on the web by the web hosting service.

As the number of users on the World Wide Web grows, so does the pressure on companies, both large and small, to have an online presence. In 1995, companies such as GeoCities, Angelfire, and Tripod offered free hosting services.[7]

Classification

Static page hosting

At its most basic is small-scale hosting of web pages and files, where files can be uploaded via File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or a web interface. The files are usually delivered to the Web "as is" or with minimal processing. Many Internet service providers

A complex site requires a more comprehensive package that provides database support and an application development platform (eg ASP.NET, ColdFusion, Java EE, Perl/Plack, PHP, or Ruby on Rails). These features allow customers to write or install scripts for applications such as forums and content management. Web hosting packages often include a web content management system, so the end user doesn't have to worry about the more in-depth technical aspects. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is used for websites that want to encrypt the data they transmit.

Hosting types

Server rack "rack" commonly found in collocation centers

Internet hosting services can run web-servers. The scope of web hosting services varies widely.

Shared web hosting services - Websites are hosted on the same server as many other sites, ranging from a few sites to hundreds of sites. Usually, all domains can share common server resources, such as RAM and CPU. The features available with this type of service are usually quite basic and inflexible in terms of software and updates. Resellers often sell shared web hosting and web companies often have reseller accounts to provide hosting for their clients.

Reseller web hosting service - Allows clients to become their own web hosting provider. Resellers may function, for individual domains, under any combination of the hosting types listed above, depending on their affiliation as a reseller. Reseller accounts can vary greatly in size: they can have a virtual server dedicated entirely to their own server. Many resellers provide almost identical service to their provider's shared hosting plans and provide technical support independently.

Virtual Dedicated Server - Also known as a Virtual Private Server (VPS), divides server resources into virtual servers, where resources can be allocated without directly mirroring the underlying hardware. VPS will often be allocated resources based on one server to many VPS relationships, but virtualization is possible for a number of reasons, including the ability to move VPS containers between servers. Users can have root access to their own virtual space. Sometimes the customer is responsible for servicing and maintaining the server (unmanaged server), or the VPS provider may provide server administration tasks for the customer (managed server).

Dedicated hosting service - Users get their own web server and have full control over it (user has root access for Linux/administrator access for Windows); however, the user generally does not own the server. One type of dedicated hosting is self-managed or unmanaged. This is usually the cheapest option for a dedicated plan. The user has administrative access

Collocation web hosting service - Similar to dedicated web hosting service, but the user owns the colocation server; the hosting company provides the physical space occupied by the server and takes care of the server. This is the most powerful and expensive type of web hosting service. In most cases, collocation providers may provide little or no direct support for their client machines, providing only electricity, Internet access, and storage for the servers. In most cases for collocations, clients will have their own administrators visiting the data center in person to perform hardware upgrades or changes. Previously, many collocation providers accepted any system configuration for hosting, even in a desktop style minitower case, but now most hosts require the use of rack mounts and standard system configurations.

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